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Cambodian Jasmine Rice

Grown in Cambodia, Jasmine Rice is the worldwide recognized of the Cambodia’s Premium Aromatic Rice. Cambodian Jasmine Rice, won the World’s Best Rice award four times from The Rice Trader (TRT) World Rice Conference in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2018.

Jasmine Rice is highly prized for its extra-long grain, soft texture and a distinctive flavor that exudes a strong, natural scent. The most popular name is Phka Malis (Malis=Jasmine) with varieties such as Phka Rumduol, Phka Romeat, Phka Rumdeng, Somali and Neang Malis

It is harvested only once a year in mid-November, and is grown in provinces surrounding by “the Tonle Sap Lake”; the large lowland plain itself surrounds a very large wetland area and includes this Cambodia’s largest inland water body, “the Tonle Sap Lake” or “Great Lake”, nourishing the paddy rice grown surrounded. Cambodian Jasmine rice proudly called “green”; it is naturally grown, is not genetically modified, and is grown with limited use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Cambodian Jasmine Rice has a distinct natural aroma that distinguishes it from other rice varieties. It has a long and glossy shinny grain. Also, it’s very soft and fluffy when cooked, bring the perfection in taste, tenderness, and tantalizing fragrance

Recognized as the finest rice in the world, Cambodian Jasmine Rice would be the perfect ingredient for every type of dishes and bring closeness on every tables’ meal. 

By knowing all the specialty of Cambodian Jasmine Rice, it’s unacceptable to understand the long-ways process and effort of rice production that is a complex activity that requires a series of processes to achieve the finished product, including pre-planting, growth, and post-production.

1. Pre-planting:

Land preparation:

Land preparation is important to ensure that the rice field is ready for planting. The main purpose of land preparation is to have the soil in optimum physical condition for growing rice. Cambodian farmer plants the Jasmine Rice varieties in wet season, from May to October. From the First rain drop, farmers start to prepare farm land, known as paddy field. It typically involves (1) plowing to “till” or dig-up, mix, and overturn the soil; (2) harrowing to break the soil clods into smaller mass and incorporate plant residue, and (3) leveling the field after 4 weeks.

Seed quality and selection:

Seed is a living product that must be grown, harvested, and processed correctly in order to realize the yield potential of any rice variety. Cambodian Jasmine rice is selected from certified quality seed.

Farmer select healthy seed to plant by firstly incubate the seed. They soak it in the water for about 24h before drying again and get it ready for establishing rice plants

2. Growth:

Crop establishment:

The two main practices of establishing rice plants are transplanting and direct seeding:

  • Transplanting is the most popular plant establishment technique across Asia, as well Cambodia. Pre-germinated seedlings are transferred from a seedbed to the wet field. It requires less seed and is an effective method to control weeds, but requires more labor. Seedlings may be transplanted by either machine or hand. Prior to transplanting, seedlings are established in a separate nursery area. They grow between 30 days before being transplanted to the field. Seedlings can be transplanted by either machine or hand. In Cambodia, mostly, it’s planted one by one and by hand in row.
  • Direct seeding is when dry seed or pre-germinated seeds and seedlings are sown by hand or planted by machine. In rain fed and deep-water ecosystems, dry seed is manually broadcast onto the soil surface and then incorporated either by ploughing or by harrowing while the soil is still dry. In irrigated areas, seed is normally pre- germinated prior to broadcasting.

Plant management:

Properly management and maintenance crop health and nutrient are the most necessary work in rice production. Farmers spend a lot of time and attention on transplanting seedlings so that the rice crop grows well and gives high yields. Important management and maintenance including:

  • Water management:  Cultivated rice is extremely sensitive to water shortages. To ensure sufficient water, most rice farmers aim to maintain flooded conditions in their field. This is especially true for lowland rice like Cambodia’s land geography. Good water management in lowland rice focuses on practices that conserve water while ensuring sufficient water for the crop. Farmer has to keep the water level in the fields at 5 cm at all times from heading to the end of flowering.
  • Soil fertility: During the early growth phase, rice plant need nutrition in form of fertilizer. At each growth stage, the rice plant has specific nutrient needs. This makes nutrient management a critical aspect of rice farming. For the Jasmine rice, that’s the wet season rice plant, is strictly advised in using the fertilizer properly 2 to 3 times, in order to maintain the aroma scent. 
  • Weed management: Weed control is important to prevent losses in yield and production costs, and to preserve good grain quality. For rice production in Cambodia, weed management is practiced during specific stages of rice production including during land preparation, and during early crop growth.
  • Pest and disease: In addition to good crop management, timely and accurate diagnosis can significantly reduce losses. Crop problems can be caused by other living organisms, like rats and fungus, or by non-living factors, such as wind, water, temperature, radiation, and soil acidity. The best control for pests and disease problems is prevention.

3. Post Production:

Harvesting

Harvesting is the process of collecting the mature rice crop from the field. After 4 months of planting, rice plant produce grain and develop from green to gold and become heavier.

Harvesting activities include cutting, stacking, handling, threshing, cleaning, and hauling. In Cambodia, harvesting can be done manually or mechanically. Harvesting also need to do at the right time with the right moisture.

Drying

Drying reduces grain moisture content to a safe level for storage. It is the most critical operation after harvesting a rice crop. When rice is harvested, it will contain up to 25% moisture. High moisture level during storage can lead to grain discoloration, encourage development of molds, and increase the likelihood of attack from pests. It can also decrease the germination rate of the rice seed. It is important to dry rice grain as soon as possible after harvesting— ideally within 24 hours. Delays in drying, incomplete drying or ineffective drying will reduce grain quality and result in losses.

Paddy drying methods include traditional and mechanical systems with varying technological complexity and capacities for either farm or commercial level.

Storage

The purpose of any grain storage facility is to provide safe storage conditions for the grain in order to prevent grain loss caused by adverse weather, moisture, rodents, birds, insects and micro-organisms like fungi.

In general, it is recommended that rice for food purposes be stored in paddy form rather than milled rice as the husk provides some protection against insects and helps prevent quality deterioration. Storage systems can be through bag, bulk, or hermetic containers.

Drying Milling and processing

Milling is a crucial step in post-production of rice. The basic objective of a rice milling system is to remove the husk and the bran layers, and produce an edible, white rice kernel that is sufficiently milled and free of impurities.

Ready for Export

Within the latest updated technology of Amru Rice Mill, the rice is efficiently and ready for use and export. One of the last important quality assurance procedures before export is CO2 treatment. CO2 treatment range from 21 days to 30 days to ensure the clean and killed insects performed by certified treatment company in Cambodia. Containers have to be clean and safe of food grade shipment.

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